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Related Concept Videos

Drug Regulation01:25

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Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
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Bioequivalence studies: Biowaivers01:13

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In certain scenarios, in vitro dissolution tests can replace in vivo bioequivalence studies. This is particularly true when a drug product, though available in varying strengths, maintains proportional similarity in its active and inactive ingredients. In such cases, the need for in vivo bioequivalence studies for lower strength variants may be waived, provided dissolution tests and in vivo studies on the highest strength yield satisfactory results.Bioequivalence can be indicated through...
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Gene Therapy00:59

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Orthotopic Xenografting of Human Luciferase-Tagged Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells for in vivo Testing of Candidate Therapeutic Agents
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The right to try.

Lynne Pearce

    Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)
    |January 15, 2015
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    Summary

    Clinical commissioning groups often disregard national guidelines for in vitro fertilization (IVF) access. New quality standards aim to reduce disparities, with nurses playing a key role in highlighting the impact of infertility.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Medicine
    • Healthcare Policy
    • Nursing Practice

    Background:

    • National guidelines from 2013 mandated In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) availability.
    • Significant disparities in IVF provision exist across different regions, creating a 'postcode lottery'.
    • The human and financial costs associated with infertility remain a critical public health concern.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the non-adherence of clinical commissioning groups to national IVF guidelines.
    • To introduce the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) quality standard designed to address IVF access inequalities.
    • To underscore the potential role of nurses in advocating for equitable infertility treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of national guidelines and quality standards related to IVF provision.

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  • Examination of the impact of regional disparities on patient access to fertility treatments.
  • Identification of nursing advocacy strategies to influence local healthcare decision-making.

    • Main Results:

    • Many clinical commissioning groups have failed to implement mandated IVF services.
    • NICE has introduced a quality standard to mitigate the 'postcode lottery' in IVF access.
    • Nurses are positioned to advocate for patients by communicating the comprehensive costs of untreated infertility.

    Conclusions:

    • There is a persistent gap between national recommendations and local implementation of IVF services.
    • The NICE quality standard offers a framework for improving equitable access to fertility treatments.
    • Nursing advocacy is crucial for raising awareness among decision-makers regarding the multifaceted burden of infertility and the necessity of accessible IVF.