Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

62
Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
62
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

1.4K
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
1.4K
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

1.5K
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
1.5K
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

29.0K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
29.0K
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

7.9K
7.9K
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

74.3K
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
74.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chemically synthesized, non-capped and non-polyadenylated peptide-coding RNA efficiently induces antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells.

Nature biomedical engineering·2026
Same author

NLRP1 inflammasome activation in skin equivalents reveals mechanistic insights into the roles of keratinocytes in psoriasis.

Cell death & disease·2026
Same author

Sequence simplification of antigen coding IVT mRNA allows accelerated synthetic DNA template generation and epitope immunogenicity validation.

Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids·2025
Same author

Adoptive cell therapy with macrophage-drug conjugates facilitates cytotoxic drug transfer and immune activation in glioblastoma models.

Science translational medicine·2025
Same author

Development of Thermostable and Immunogenic Block Copolymer Nanoparticles (BNPs) for mRNA Delivery.

Biomacromolecules·2025
Same author

LL37 complexed to double-stranded RNA induces RIG-I-like receptor signalling and Gasdermin E activation facilitating IL-36γ release from keratinocytes.

Cell death & disease·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes
08:27

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes

Published on: August 13, 2021

5.3K

The messenger's great message for vaccination.

Steve Pascolo1

  • 1University Hospital of Zurich Dermatology, Gloriasstrasse 31, Zurich, Switzerland.

Expert Review of Vaccines
|January 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Poly ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a versatile biopolymer with inherent stability and modifiability, making it an ideal active pharmaceutical ingredient. Messenger RNA (mRNA) technology is now being harnessed for therapeutic applications, including vaccines for cancer, viruses, and allergies.

Keywords:
allergiescancerinfectionsmessenger RNAvaccine

More Related Videos

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles
10:16

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Published on: August 17, 2022

4.1K
A Simple and Efficient Approach to Construct Mutant Vaccinia Virus Vectors
09:16

A Simple and Efficient Approach to Construct Mutant Vaccinia Virus Vectors

Published on: October 30, 2016

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes
08:27

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes

Published on: August 13, 2021

5.3K
Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles
10:16

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Published on: August 17, 2022

4.1K
A Simple and Efficient Approach to Construct Mutant Vaccinia Virus Vectors
09:16

A Simple and Efficient Approach to Construct Mutant Vaccinia Virus Vectors

Published on: October 30, 2016

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Poly ribonucleic acid (RNA) possesses unique biological capabilities, including genetic information storage, enzymatic activity, and complex 3D structure formation.
  • RNA exhibits significant chemical stability under neutral or acidic conditions and can be chemically modified to modulate its properties, such as resistance to nucleases or immune system recognition.
  • Despite its inherent advantages, the therapeutic application of RNA, particularly as a gene delivery vehicle like messenger RNA (mRNA), has been a recent area of development.

Discussion:

  • The inherent stability and modifiability of RNA position it as a highly versatile and ideal active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).
  • Recent advancements have focused on exploiting RNA's potential as a gene vehicle, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA), for therapeutic interventions.
  • mRNA technology has been successfully applied in the development of vaccines targeting various conditions, including cancer, viral infections, and allergies.

Key Insights:

  • RNA's unique biological functions and chemical properties make it a superior candidate for pharmaceutical applications.
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a potent platform for gene therapy and vaccine development.
  • Tailored modifications and advanced formulations enhance mRNA's safety and efficacy as an active pharmaceutical ingredient.

Outlook:

  • mRNA technology holds immense promise for addressing a wide spectrum of medical needs, extending beyond infectious disease vaccines to immunotherapies and other treatments.
  • Continued research into mRNA vector design and formulation strategies will further unlock its therapeutic potential.
  • The adaptability of mRNA suggests a future where it can be engineered to target virtually any disease or medical condition.