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Related Concept Videos

The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

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The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called...
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Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

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In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not only on the chemical constituents but also on the presence of living organisms. In general, soils contain three major components:
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The Sulfur Cycle01:22

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Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

A System to Create Stable Nanoparticle Aerosols from Nanopowders
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Aerosol generation by raindrop impact on soil.

Young Soo Joung1, Cullen R Buie1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Nature Communications
|January 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Droplets impacting porous surfaces, like soil, can generate airborne particles (aerosols). This new mechanism for aerosol dispersion has environmental and health implications.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Aerosols significantly impact environment and human health.
  • Windblown dust and sea salt are primary known aerosol sources.
  • Understanding aerosol generation is crucial for environmental monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate novel aerosol generation from droplet impacts on porous media.
  • Determine if soil and other porous materials can release aerosols.
  • Explore the factors influencing aerosol release from porous surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental analysis of droplet impacts on various porous materials, including soils.
  • Characterization of aerosol generation based on surface properties and impact conditions.

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  • Identification of elements delivered to the environment via generated aerosols.

    • Main Results:

    • Droplet impact on wettable porous surfaces generates aerosols.
    • Aerosols released can transport elements from the porous medium.
    • Predictive models for aerosol generation can be developed based on surface and impact characteristics.

    Conclusions:

    • A new mechanism for environmental aerosol generation has been identified.
    • Droplet-porous media interactions are a significant factor in aerosol dispersion.
    • This finding has implications for understanding atmospheric particle transport and environmental contamination.