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Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Metastasis02:30

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Modelling Brain Metastasis: Standardized Analysis of Metastatic Colonization and Histological Growth Patterns by Stereotactic Intracortical Injection
07:24

Modelling Brain Metastasis: Standardized Analysis of Metastatic Colonization and Histological Growth Patterns by Stereotactic Intracortical Injection

Published on: January 16, 2026

299

Brain metastases: an overview.

F Bertolini1, A Spallanzani, A Fontana

  • 1Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Modena, via Del Pozzo, 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.

CNS Oncology
|January 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain metastases management is evolving. Treatment is individualized, with surgery or radiosurgery for single lesions and whole-brain radiotherapy for multiple lesions, alongside systemic therapies like TKIs and monoclonal antibodies for better outcomes.

Keywords:
brain metastasesindividualized treatmentradiotherapysystemic therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neurology
  • Radiotherapy

Background:

  • Brain metastases are an increasing clinical challenge, marking a critical disease stage.
  • Current treatment strategies require individualization based on lesion number and patient factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current management approaches for brain metastases.
  • To highlight advancements in systemic therapies for brain metastases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical guidelines and recent Phase II-III trial data.
  • Analysis of treatment modalities including surgery, radiosurgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, TKIs, and monoclonal antibodies.

Main Results:

  • Individualized treatment is key: surgery/radiosurgery for single metastasis, WBRT for multiple lesions.
  • Systemic therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and monoclonal antibodies, have improved response rates and survival.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal management of brain metastases involves a multidisciplinary approach tailored to the individual patient.
  • Emerging systemic therapies offer improved prognoses for patients with brain metastases.