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Polycrystalline-Diamond MEMS Biosensors Including Neural Microelectrode-Arrays
Michael W Varney1, Dean M Aslam2, Abed Janoudi3
1Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Michigan State University, 2120 Engineering, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. varneymi@msu.edu.
Biosensors
|January 15, 2015
Summary
Diamond biosensors offer excellent biocompatibility and electrochemical performance for detecting biological molecules. Researchers developed diamond neural microelectrode arrays for in vivo and in vitro applications, showing promise for pathogen detection.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Biotechnology
- Electrochemistry
Background:
- Polycrystalline diamond (poly-C) possesses unique properties like chemical inertness and biocompatibility, making it suitable for biosensor applications.
- Boron-doped poly-C electrodes exhibit advantageous electrochemical characteristics, including a wide potential window, low background noise, and high sensitivity (down to 500 fM).
- Poly-C's biocompatibility is comparable or superior to materials like titanium and stainless steel, crucial for implantable devices.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate diamond-based neural microelectrode arrays (MEAs) for biosensing applications.
- To leverage the advantageous properties of polycrystalline diamond for improved electrochemical detection and neural recording.
- To explore the potential of diamond micro-machining and surface functionalization for creating novel pathogen-microsensors.
Main Methods:
- Development of diamond-based neural microelectrode arrays (MEAs).
- In vivo electrical recording of neural activity using diamond probes.
- In vitro electrochemical detection of biological molecules, such as norepinephrine.
Main Results:
- Diamond probes demonstrated successful in vivo electrical recording of neural activity.
- In vitro studies showed the capability of diamond probes to detect norepinephrine at a 5 nM concentration.
- Boron-doped poly-C electrodes offer a large potential window, low background current, and low detection limits for electrochemical applications.
Conclusions:
- Diamond-based biosensors, particularly boron-doped polycrystalline diamond electrodes, show significant promise for sensitive and biocompatible detection of biological molecules.
- Diamond neural microelectrode arrays are effective for both in vivo neural recording and in vitro electrochemical sensing.
- The proposed combination of diamond micro-machining and surface functionalization holds potential for manufacturing advanced diamond pathogen-microsensors.
