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Seizures l: Introduction

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...

Seizures: Classification

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...

Epilepsy ll: Types

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

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Pediatric stroke presenting as a seizure.

Katie L Ahmadzadeh¹, Vartika Bhardwaj¹, Steven A Johnson¹

¹Department of Emergency Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, USF Morsani COM, CC & I-78, Allentown, PA 18103, USA.

Case Reports in Emergency Medicine

|January 15, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) can present as a seizure, even in children with a history of seizures. Emergency physicians must consider stroke in pediatric seizure cases to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.

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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

Neurology
Pediatrics
Emergency Medicine

Background:

Childhood arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is a rare but serious condition.
Prompt diagnosis and management of pediatric AIS are critical.
Seizures can be an initial presenting symptom of AIS in children.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the importance of recognizing seizures as a potential symptom of pediatric AIS.
To emphasize the need for prompt diagnostic evaluation in children presenting with new-onset or altered seizure activity.

Main Methods:

Case report of a five-year-old female presenting with seizures.
Diagnostic workup included computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head.

Main Results:

CT scan showed loss of grey-white matter differentiation, prompting MRI.
MRI confirmed a right-sided stroke.
The patient experienced a complicated hospital course and was discharged to rehabilitation.

Conclusions:

Emergency physicians should consider stroke in the differential diagnosis of pediatric seizures, irrespective of prior seizure history.
Early recognition of AIS presenting as seizures can prevent treatment delays and improve outcomes.