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Carcinosarcomas: tumors in transition?

Jason A Somarelli1, Mary-Keara Boss2, Jonathan I Epstein3

  • 1Center for RNA Biology, and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. jason.somarelli@duke.edu.

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Carcinosarcomas are rare tumors with both carcinomatous and sarcomatous parts. This review explores how epithelial plasticity may cause these mixed phenotypes, suggesting a single cell type transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal forms.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Carcinosarcomas are rare biphasic neoplasms.
  • They contain both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.
  • The origin of these dual phenotypes within a single tumor is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review histological and molecular evidence.
  • To explore the role of epithelial plasticity in carcinosarcoma development.
  • To elucidate the mechanism behind mixed phenotypes in these tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing histological data.
  • Analysis of molecular biology findings.
  • Synthesis of evidence on epithelial plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Molecular evidence suggests a shared clonal origin for both cell types.
  • The biphasic nature may represent an extreme form of epithelial plasticity.
  • Epithelial-like cells transitioning to a mesenchymal phenotype is a proposed mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Epithelial plasticity is implicated in the development of carcinosarcomas.
  • This process explains the mixed epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes.
  • Understanding this mechanism is crucial for carcinosarcoma research.