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Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
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Technosphere inhaled insulin (Afrezza).

M Rendell1

  • 1Creighton University Diabetes Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. Rendell@asndi.com.

Drugs of Today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998)
|January 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Technosphere® insulin, delivered via inhalation using fumaryl diketopiperazine (FDKP) microparticles, offers rapid glucose lowering with fewer hypoglycemic events. While generally safe, a notable cough side effect may lead to treatment discontinuation.

Keywords:
Inhaled insulinRapid-actingType 1 diabetesType 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Drug Delivery
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacokinetics

Background:

  • Technosphere® insulin utilizes fumaryl diketopiperazine (FDKP) for inhaled delivery.
  • This novel formulation forms insulin-loaded microparticles for alveolar absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of inhaled Technosphere® insulin.
  • To compare its pharmacokinetic profile and adverse events with subcutaneous insulin.

Main Methods:

  • Inhalation of Technosphere® insulin via FDKP carrier.
  • Assessment of pulmonary absorption, glucose-lowering effects, and adverse events.
  • Pulmonary function and imaging studies were conducted.

Main Results:

  • Rapid pulmonary insulin absorption and shorter glucose normalization time compared to subcutaneous rapid-acting insulins.
  • Lower incidence of hypoglycemia observed.
  • A small, reversible decrease in FEV1 and no adverse effects on pulmonary imaging were noted.
  • Cough occurred in up to 27% of patients, leading to discontinuation in 9%.

Conclusions:

  • Technosphere® insulin is approved for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
  • It demonstrates rapid efficacy and a favorable safety profile regarding hypoglycemia.
  • Further long-term studies on pulmonary safety, malignancy surveillance, and optimal dosing are warranted.