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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Zoonotic origin of hepatitis E.

Nicole Pavio1, Xiang-Jin Meng2, Virginie Doceul1

  • 1UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France; UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France; UMR 1161 Virology, Université Paris Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France.

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen, frequently transmitted through contaminated food products. Animal reservoirs, especially pigs, are key to understanding HEV

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Area of Science:

  • * Virology
  • * Infectious Diseases
  • * Public Health

Background:

  • * Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is increasingly recognized as a zoonotic pathogen.
  • * Discovery of HEV strains in animals closely related to human strains.
  • * Sporadic human hepatitis E cases are often autochthonous, suggesting local animal reservoirs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To explore the zoonotic potential of Hepatitis E virus.
  • * To identify animal reservoirs and transmission routes of HEV.
  • * To assess the risk of HEV infection from food products and animal contact.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of recent scientific literature on HEV.
  • * Genetic analysis of HEV strains from human and animal sources.
  • * Investigation of HEV contamination in the food chain.

Main Results:

  • * Genetically similar HEV strains found in pigs and humans.
  • * Demonstration of HEV contamination in pork products and the food chain.
  • * Identification of diverse HEV strains in various animal species.

Conclusions:

  • * HEV is a significant foodborne zoonotic pathogen.
  • * Pigs are a primary reservoir for zoonotic HEV transmission.
  • * Further research is needed on diverse HEV strains and zoonotic risks.