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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Hypertension V: Nursing Management01:23

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The nursing management of hypertension involves accurately assessing symptoms, making a comprehensive nursing diagnosis, collaborating with patients to set goals, and implementing targeted interventions to mitigate the condition's impact and improve patient well-being.Comprehensive AssessmentThe initial step in nursing care for hypertension involves a thorough patient assessment. It includes evaluating symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, and previous hypertension episodes.
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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Improved Home Blood Pressure Control by CT-guided Ozone-mediated Renal Denervation for Patients with Resistant Hypertension
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Improved Home Blood Pressure Control by CT-guided Ozone-mediated Renal Denervation for Patients with Resistant Hypertension

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Resistant hypertension: do all definitions describe the same patients?

L Boswell1, J Pascual2, A Oliveras2

  • 1Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona - Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.

Journal of Human Hypertension
|January 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Resistant hypertension (RH) definitions vary. Uncontrolled RH patients, regardless of definition, show higher rates of diabetes and elevated LDL cholesterol compared to controlled RH patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Resistant hypertension (RH) affects numerous patients, posing significant cardiovascular risks.
  • Current definitions of RH, including the classical (CD) and new (ND) definitions, may characterize different patient cohorts.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for effective patient management and risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate whether the classical definition (CD) and the new definition (ND) of resistant hypertension identify similar patient groups.
  • To compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with controlled versus uncontrolled RH.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 124 RH patients was analyzed.
  • Patients were classified based on blood pressure (BP) control under their prescribed antihypertensive therapy.
  • Clinical data, laboratory values (including glucose, cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides), and office BP were recorded and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Uncontrolled RH patients exhibited a higher prevalence of diabetes (72% vs. 49%) compared to controlled RH patients.
  • Higher levels of plasma glucose, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were observed in the uncontrolled RH group.
  • Multivariate analysis identified diabetes and elevated LDL-cholesterol as independent predictors of uncontrolled RH.

Conclusions:

  • While both definitions identify phenotypically similar RH patients, uncontrolled RH is strongly associated with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.
  • These findings highlight the importance of aggressive management of metabolic factors in patients with resistant hypertension.
  • Further research is warranted to refine RH definitions and optimize treatment strategies.