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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Manipulation and Analysis of Cell Cycle-Dependent Processes in Budding Yeast

Manipulation and Analysis of Cell Cycle-Dependent Processes in Budding Yeast

Published on: September 26, 2025

Reliable cell cycle commitment in budding yeast is ensured by signal integration.

Xili Liu¹, Xin Wang¹, Xiaojing Yang¹

¹Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China.

|January 16, 2015

Summary

Budding yeast cells make critical cell cycle decisions by integrating noisy signals over time. This involves integrating Cln3 signals via phosphorylated Whi5 to reliably commit to cell division.

Keywords:

Cln3 integration S. cerevisiae Whi5 phosphorylation cell biology cell cycle cell decision-making cell size control

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Area of Science:

Cellular biology
Biophysics
Systems biology

Background:

Cell fate decisions are crucial for organism development and survival.
Reliable cell fate decisions must overcome noisy and fluctuating intracellular signals.
The mechanisms underlying reliable cell cycle commitment in the presence of signal noise are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how budding yeast achieves reliable cell cycle commitment (Start) despite noisy and fluctuating signals.
To identify the molecular mechanisms and components involved in integrating cell cycle signals.
To understand how cells coordinate growth and division through signal integration.

Main Methods:

Quantitative analysis of cell signaling dynamics in budding yeast.
Utilizing budding yeast as a model organism for studying cell cycle regulation.
Investigating the role of Cln3 and Whi5 in signal integration and cell fate decisions.

Main Results:

Cell cycle commitment (Start) in budding yeast is determined by the time integration of the triggering signal Cln3.
The Start repressor, Whi5, acts as the molecular integrator by recording Cln3-Cdk1 kinase activity over time through phosphorylation.
Cell cycle commitment occurs when phosphorylated Whi5 reaches a specific threshold, which cells adjust based on nutrient availability to coordinate growth and division.

Conclusions:

Budding yeast employs a signal integration strategy, previously observed in animal behavior, at the cellular level to enhance decision-making reliability.
This integration mechanism, involving temporal summation of signals on Whi5, effectively reduces noise and minimizes uncertainty in cell fate decisions.
The ability to modulate the integration threshold based on environmental conditions highlights a sophisticated cellular strategy for coordinating growth with cell division.