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Related Concept Videos

Phases of Wound Repair01:28

Phases of Wound Repair

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Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
In case of deep injuries, trauma to blood vessels results in blood loss. In the meantime, phospholipids released from the ruptured endothelial cellular membrane are converted into arachidonic...
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Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...
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Healing II: Complications01:24

Healing II: Complications

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Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...
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Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps01:19

Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps

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The pre-procedure steps of handwashing include removing jewelry and rolling up sleeves. However, many organizations allow staff to wear wedding rings.
The hand washing procedure itself includes the following steps. First, cover cuts, if any, on hands with a waterproof dressing. Cuts and abrasions can become contaminated with bacteria hindering the ability to clean the area thoroughly. In addition, repeated hand washing can worsen an injury.  The nails must be short and clean, without nail...
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Ostomy Care01:24

Ostomy Care

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Introduction
An ostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening from the intestines to the outside of the body, allowing for the rerouting of effluent. This opening is known as a stoma. A stoma usually protrudes above the skin surface, appearing pink or red, moist, and round, and it lacks nerve sensations.
There are different types of ostomies, including colostomies, ileostomies, and urostomies:
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Burn Injuries01:22

Burn Injuries

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Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Protocol to Create Chronic Wounds in Diabetic Mice
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Common questions about wound care.

Brooke Worster1, Michelle Q Zawora1, Christine Hsieh1

  • 1Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

American Family Physician
|January 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Proper wound care for minor injuries involves thorough irrigation and cleaning, with sterile saline or tap water being effective. Early tetanus immunization and appropriate infection management are crucial for optimal healing outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Outpatient medicine
  • Wound management
  • Infectious disease prevention

Background:

  • Minor wounds like lacerations, abrasions, burns, and puncture wounds are frequent in outpatient settings.
  • Prompt and effective wound management is essential to prevent infection and ensure proper healing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline evidence-based guidelines for the management of common outpatient wounds.
  • To emphasize key principles of wound irrigation, closure, infection control, and when to seek specialist referral.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines on wound care.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding irrigation solutions, wound closure techniques, and antibiotic use.
  • Assessment of recommendations for tetanus prophylaxis and management of wound infections.

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Main Results:

  • Irrigation with sterile saline or tap water is as effective as antiseptic solutions for minor wounds.
  • Wound occlusion is vital for preventing contamination; suturing or tissue adhesives can be used up to 24 hours post-trauma.
  • Keeping wounds moist for the first 24-48 hours does not increase infection risk; prophylactic antibiotics are generally not needed for simple wounds.
  • Tetanus toxoid administration is recommended for unvaccinated or under-vaccinated individuals.
  • Superficial infections may be treated topically, while deeper or severe infections require oral or parenteral antibiotics, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Effective minor wound management hinges on thorough cleaning, appropriate closure, timely tetanus immunization, and judicious use of antibiotics.
  • Referral to wound care specialists is indicated for severe burns, large wounds, or those involving critical structures like bone or nerves.