Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

Epistaxis

Epistaxis

Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Comparative electrophysiological characterization of ammodytoxin A, a β-neurotoxin from the nose-horned viper venom, and its enzymatically inactive mutant.

Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology·2024

Same author

[ChatGPT and the German board examination for ophthalmology: an evaluation].

Die Ophthalmologie·2024

Same author

[Diagnostics and treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis : Results of a survey].

Die Ophthalmologie·2022

Same author

[Are "pachychoroid spectrum disorders" a topic for CME?]

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2021

Same author

[Intraocular inflammation with brolucizumab use : Patient management-diagnosis-therapy].

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2021

Same author

Size of silk fibroin β-sheet domains affected by Ca<sup>2</sup>.

Journal of materials chemistry. B·2020

Same journal

["DOG 2020 online" - for the first time in the von Graefe year].

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2024

Same journal

[Are organ and co-cultures an alternative to animal models in ophthalmology?]

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2022

Same journal

[Pediatric corneal opacities : Even small improvements provide lifelong help].

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2022

Same journal

[Myxoma of the conjunctiva].

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2022

Same journal

[Secondary open-angle glaucoma: uveitic secondary glaucoma, steroid-induced glaucoma, posttraumatic and postoperative glaucoma, tumor-related glaucoma and glaucoma due to elevated episcleral venous pressure].

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2022

Same journal

[Artificial intelligence in the management of anti-VEGF treatment: the Vienna fluid monitor in clinical practice].

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2022

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19

Published on: May 25, 2022

[Vernal keratoconjunctivitis].

U Pleyer¹, A Leonardi

¹Augenklinik, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland, uwe.pleyer@charite.de.

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift Der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft

|January 17, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is an allergic eye inflammation with unclear causes, often inadequately managed by standard treatments. Immunomodulatory agents show promise for long-term control of this condition.

More Related Videos

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation

Published on: November 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Published on: August 9, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19

Published on: May 25, 2022

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation

Published on: November 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Published on: August 9, 2024

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Immunology
Allergology

Context:

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a recurrent allergic eye inflammation.
Characteristic signs include giant papillae and limbal gelatinous changes.
Etiology is complex, involving IgE-dependent and independent immune responses.

Purpose:

To review the current understanding of VKC etiology and pathophysiology.
To evaluate current treatment strategies and their limitations.
To highlight the potential of immunomodulatory agents for long-term VKC management.

Summary:

VKC involves complex immune mechanisms with various predisposing factors.
Standard treatments like mast cell stabilizers, antihistamines, and corticosteroids are often insufficient for severe cases.
Immunomodulatory agents like cyclosporin A and tacrolimus offer promising alternatives for chronic VKC.
While often self-limiting after puberty, VKC can lead to sight-threatening complications, particularly corneal involvement and corticosteroid-induced damage.

Impact:

Current treatments for VKC are often unsatisfactory, necessitating exploration of alternatives.
Immunomodulatory agents represent a potential advancement in managing severe and recurrent VKC.
Understanding VKC's complex etiology is crucial for developing targeted and effective therapies.
Preventing sight-threatening complications requires improved long-term management strategies for VKC.