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Related Concept Videos

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Caspases01:24

Caspases

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Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
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Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

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Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

In Vivo Biosensor Tracks Non-apoptotic Caspase Activity in Drosophila
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Survivin - The inconvenient IAP.

Dario C Altieri1

  • 1Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|January 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Survivin, an Inhibitor of Apoptosis protein, defies biological expectations and remains complex. Its role in cellular homeostasis and cancer offers significant promise for understanding fundamental cellular functions.

Keywords:
ApoptosisCancerCell divisionIAPMitotic catastropheSurvivin

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Survivin is classified within the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) gene family.
  • Despite extensive research (over 5500 citations), survivin's biology remains complex and challenging to conventional understanding.
  • Survivin's functions extend beyond apoptosis regulation, impacting broader cellular homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex biology of survivin.
  • To understand survivin's role in human diseases, particularly cancer.
  • To investigate survivin's far-reaching regulation of cellular homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on survivin.
  • Analysis of survivin's paradoxical properties and resistance to established biological paradigms.
  • Exploration of survivin's implications in cancer biology and cellular regulation.

Main Results:

  • Survivin consistently challenges existing biological assumptions and predictions.
  • The protein's involvement in cancer pathogenesis is a significant area of interest.
  • Survivin plays a crucial, yet complex, role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Survivin acts as an 'inconvenient outsider' in molecular biology, resisting simple categorization.
  • Further research into survivin holds promise for uncovering fundamental cellular mechanisms in health and disease.
  • Understanding survivin's complex regulatory roles is key to advancing cancer research and therapy.