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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Acute traumatic patellar dislocation.

V B Duthon1

  • 1Unité d'orthopédie et traumatologie du sport, service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie de l'appareil moteur, hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, 4, rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland.

Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research : OTSR
|January 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inaugural traumatic patellar dislocation often affects young athletes due to non-contact knee sprains. Treatment depends on knee anatomy and cartilage status, with surgery for fractures and non-operative options for normal knees.

Keywords:
AcuteDislocationPatellaTraumaticTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Inaugural traumatic patellar dislocation is common in young, active individuals, frequently caused by non-contact knee injuries.
  • The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is consistently injured, typically at its femoral attachment, during patellar dislocation events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the etiology, diagnostic imaging, and treatment considerations for acute patellar dislocations.
  • To highlight the role of anatomical factors and cartilage integrity in guiding treatment decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of mechanisms of injury, including knee flexion and valgus.
  • Assessment of patellar instability using lateral patellar glide tests.
  • Diagnostic imaging modalities such as X-ray, CT, and MRI to evaluate bony and soft tissue structures.

Main Results:

  • Non-contact knee sprains in flexion and valgus are the primary cause (93%) of patellar dislocation.
  • Abnormal lateral patellar glide (>50% width) indicates instability.
  • Imaging identifies risk factors like trochlear dysplasia and osteochondral fractures, guiding surgical vs. non-operative treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Acute patellar dislocations require thorough evaluation of anatomical factors and cartilage status.
  • Surgical intervention is necessary for osteochondral fractures or significant bony abnormalities.
  • Non-operative management is suitable for dislocations in anatomically normal knees without fractures.