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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

1.0K
While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
1.0K
Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:30

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

7.3K
Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
7.3K
Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action01:23

Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action

4.6K
Local anesthetics (LAs) block sensory and motor impulses by inhibiting the sodium channels on the nerve cell membranes. This induces temporary loss of sensation, relieving pain in a specific body area.
Local anesthetics are amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophobic aromatic part linked to a hydrophilic group by an ester or amide linkage. They are weak bases and are usually available as salts, which increases their solubility and stability. Once administered, LAs exist in the body either...
4.6K
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

1.3K
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
1.3K
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

1.5K
The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
1.5K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

2.8K
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
2.8K

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Optogenetic Activation of Afferent Pathways in Brain Slices and Modulation of Responses by Volatile Anesthetics
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[Local anaesthetics – mechanisms and risks].

Thomas Gander1, Astrid L Kruse, Martin Lanzer

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Zentrum für Zahnmedizin der Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

Swiss Dental Journal
|January 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Local anesthetics are common in dental clinics but require cautious use to prevent potentially lethal adverse events. Understanding specific side effects and contraindications is vital for safe dental practice.

Keywords:
Lokalanästhetika

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Local anesthetics are extensively utilized in dental procedures.
  • Adverse events associated with local anesthetics can be severe and potentially lethal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the mechanisms of local anesthetics.
  • To highlight potentially lethal adverse effects and contraindications.
  • To emphasize the importance of this knowledge in daily dental practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on local anesthetic mechanisms.
  • Analysis of reported adverse events and contraindications.

Main Results:

  • Local anesthetics possess specific mechanisms of action.
  • Several potentially lethal adverse effects and contraindications exist.
  • Awareness of these risks is crucial for patient safety.

Conclusions:

  • Safe application of local anesthetics in dentistry necessitates a thorough understanding of their properties and potential risks.
  • Dental professionals must be vigilant regarding side effects and contraindications.