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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Microsurgery

Background:

  • Microphthalmos is a congenital condition characterized by abnormally small eyes.
  • Visually significant cataracts in infants with microphthalmos present unique surgical challenges.
  • Early intervention is critical for visual development in affected infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the postoperative results of cataract surgery in infants diagnosed with microphthalmos.
  • To identify and report common complications following surgical intervention for pediatric cataracts in small eyes.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study involving 20 infants (37 eyes) with microphthalmos and visually significant cataracts.
  • Surgical procedure included phacoaspiration, primary posterior capsulotomy, anterior vitrectomy, and peripheral iridectomy; intraocular lenses were not implanted.
  • Postoperative assessment focused on refractive errors, pupillary abnormalities, posterior synechiae, visual axis obscuration, and intraocular pressure, with a minimum 12-month follow-up.

Main Results:

  • The study included 37 eyes from 20 infants, with a mean age of 3.78 months at surgery.
  • Common postoperative complications included irregular pupils (18.9%), glaucoma (13.5%), posterior synechiae (5.2%), and visual axis obscuration (5.2%).
  • One case of phthisis (2.7%) was also observed, indicating potential severe outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Phacoaspiration with primary posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy offers a favorable outcome for infants with microphthalmos and cataracts.
  • Long-term monitoring is essential to detect and manage postoperative complications, including glaucoma and visual axis obscuration, to optimize visual results.