Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

RNA-seq

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases.
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...

Genome Annotation and Assembly

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Genome scale CRISPRi reveals both shared and strain-specific vulnerabilities in genetically diverse drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Pervasive Transcription in the Human Genome Exceeds Background Noise.

Genome biology and evolution·2026

Same author

Towards a phylogenetically informed approach to solving protein-protein interactions.

Biochemical Society transactions·2025

Same author

Improving the Reliability of Molecular String Representations for Generative Chemistry.

Journal of chemical information and modeling·2025

Same author

What's so hard about RNA-targeting drug discovery?

Nature computational science·2025

Same author

Evaluating computational tools for protein-coding sequence detection: Are they up to the task?

RNA (New York, N.Y.)·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells

Published on: December 9, 2022

Crowdsourcing RNA structural alignments with an online computer game.

Jérôme Waldispühl¹, Arthur Kam, Paul P Gardner

¹School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada. jeromew@cs.mcgill.ca.

Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing

|January 17, 2015

Summary

This study introduces Ribo, a game designed to improve non-coding RNA (ncRNA) alignments in the Rfam database. Our human-computing approach enhances RNA classification and annotation accuracy for better gene regulation insights.

More Related Videos

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

Published on: April 26, 2013

Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins

Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins

Published on: July 8, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells

Published on: December 9, 2022

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

Published on: April 26, 2013

Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins

Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins

Published on: July 8, 2025

Area of Science:

Genomics
Bioinformatics
Computational Biology

Background:

Accurate annotation and classification of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial for understanding gene regulation in health and disease.
The Rfam database provides alignments and annotations for RNA families, but RNA alignment is computationally challenging, necessitating data improvements.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and evaluate Ribo, a human-computing game aimed at enhancing the accuracy of existing RNA alignments within the Rfam database.
To explore the potential of collaborative approaches for large-scale annotation and classification of RNA families.

Main Methods:

Development of Ribo, a novel human-computing game.
Evaluation of Ribo's effectiveness in improving RNA alignments.
Assessment of collaborative annotation feasibility.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the potential of Ribo to improve the accuracy of RNA alignments.
Showcased the effectiveness of human-in-the-loop methods for refining bioinformatics databases.

Conclusions:

Ribo offers a viable strategy for enhancing the quality of RNA family data in Rfam.
Large-scale collaborative annotation of RNA families is feasible using human-computing game paradigms.