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Related Concept Videos

False Memories01:18

False Memories

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False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
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Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

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Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This...
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Flashbulb Memory01:16

Flashbulb Memory

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A flashbulb memory is a highly vivid and detailed memory, often linked to events of significant emotional impact. These memories stand out in contrast to everyday memories due to their clarity and the precision with which they are recalled. The strong emotions associated with the event act as a catalyst, ensuring that specific details, such as one's location, actions, and even peripheral elements, are etched into memory with remarkable accuracy. For example, many people can vividly recall...
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Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

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Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
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Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
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Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

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Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
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Remembering, imagining, false memories & personal meanings.

Martin A Conway1, Catherine Loveday2

  • 1Centre for Memory & Law, Department of Psychology, City University London, United Kingdom.

Consciousness and Cognition
|January 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Self-Memory System, including autobiographical and episodic memory, constructs past and future events. All memories are inherently false, serving to generate personal meaning.

Keywords:
Autobiographical memoryEpisodic future thinkingEpisodic memoryImaginingPersonal meaningsSimulationWorking self

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Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
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The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The Self-Memory System integrates working self, autobiographical memory, and episodic memory.
  • Autobiographical memories arise from cue-activated patterns within memory structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the constructive nature of memory within the Self-Memory System.
  • To examine the role of the working self in memory construction.
  • To consider memory accuracy and its implications in various disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of the Self-Memory System.
  • Examination of the remembering-imagining system.
  • Discussion of memory malfunction in disorders.

Main Results:

  • Specific memories are constructed via cue elaboration by the working self.
  • The remembering-imagining system facilitates construction of past and future events.
  • All memories exhibit a degree of falsity, contributing to personal meaning.

Conclusions:

  • Memory is a reconstructive process, not a perfect recording.
  • The working self actively shapes autobiographical and episodic memories.
  • Understanding memory's constructive nature is crucial for addressing memory disorders and defining accuracy.