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Related Concept Videos

Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

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There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
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The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
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Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
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Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

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Semiconductor double quantum dot micromaser.

Y-Y Liu1, J Stehlik1, C Eichler1

  • 1Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate a novel maser powered by single-electron tunneling. This quantum coherent device uses semiconductor double quantum dots within a microwave cavity, advancing terahertz sources and quantum communication.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Solid-state physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Coherent light generation (masers, lasers) depends on emitter structure for gain.
  • Few-emitter laser devices are crucial for studying quantum coherent phenomena.
  • Applications include terahertz sources and quantum communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a maser driven by single-electron tunneling events.
  • To explore quantum coherent phenomena in a few-emitter system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing semiconductor double quantum dots (DQDs) as the gain medium.
  • Integrating DQDs within a high-quality factor microwave cavity.
  • Analyzing microwave field statistics above and below the maser threshold.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of maser action.
  • Confirmation of maser operation through statistical analysis of emitted microwave fields.
  • Validation of single-electron tunneling as a mechanism for maser operation.

Conclusions:

  • Single-electron tunneling can drive maser action.
  • Semiconductor DQDs in microwave cavities offer a platform for quantum coherent devices.
  • This work advances the understanding of quantum phenomena in the few-emitter limit.