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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Non-coding RNAs in lung cancer.

Biagio Ricciuti1, Carmen Mecca2, Lucio Crinò1

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Oncoscience
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Non-coding RNAs play crucial roles in maintaining cell functions and are implicated in cancer. This review explores their function and disruption in lung cancer, highlighting their potential as biomarkers.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The human genome is largely transcribed, with non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) playing significant roles beyond protein-coding genes.
  • ncRNAs are vital regulators of cellular processes including gene expression, differentiation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and stem cell maintenance.
  • Dysregulation of ncRNAs is increasingly linked to cancer pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of ncRNA function and disruption in lung cancer biology.
  • To highlight the potential of ncRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in lung cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of non-coding RNA research in lung cancer.
  • Analysis of ncRNA roles in physiological and pathological cellular processes.
  • Evaluation of ncRNA potential in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs are essential for cellular homeostasis and gene regulation.
  • Alterations in ncRNA expression and activity are associated with lung cancer development and progression.
  • ncRNAs show promise as biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment prediction.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are critical players in lung cancer biology, impacting various cellular functions.
  • ncRNAs represent a promising avenue for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for lung cancer.
  • Further research into ncRNA mechanisms and clinical applications is warranted for effective lung cancer management.