A quantitative review of cognitive functioning in homeless adults

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Public Health
• Psychology

Background:

• Homeless populations face increased risk factors for cognitive impairment.
• Objective cognitive data in homeless individuals are limited.
• Understanding cognitive status is crucial for effective support services.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and quantify cognitive impairment in homeless adults.
• To determine the prevalence and severity of cognitive deficits.
• To identify gaps in research regarding specific subgroups.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive review of peer-reviewed studies using objective cognitive measures.
• Inclusion of studies with samples identified as homeless.
• Pooled analysis of global cognitive screening, full-scale IQ, and premorbid IQ estimates.

Main Results:

• 24 studies with 2969 subjects were analyzed.
• A pooled estimate indicated 25% of homeless adults experience cognitive impairment.
• The average full-scale IQ score was 85, one standard deviation below the norm.

Conclusions:

• Cognitive impairment is a common, potentially transdiagnostic issue among homeless adults.
• This impairment may present a significant barrier to rehabilitation.
• Further research is needed on cognitive function in homeless women and unsheltered individuals.