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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

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Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
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Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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Muscle Coordination and Action01:24

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Muscle coordination is a complex and finely tuned process essential for smooth and purposeful movements like flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation. The human body orchestrates the actions of various muscles working in concert, each with a specific role. Four functional types describe how muscles work together: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator.
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Isotonic and Isometric Muscle Contractions01:22

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Two primary types of muscle contractions are isotonic and isometric, each serving unique functions and involving distinct mechanisms. Both isotonic and isometric contractions are integral to the body's complex system of movement and stability. Isotonic exercises contribute significantly to functional strength and movement, while isometric contractions are crucial for maintaining posture and joint stability.
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Isotonic contractions occur when a muscle changes length while...
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Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
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Adapted Resistance Training Improves Strength in Eight Weeks in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Strength training and shoulder proprioception.

José Inácio Salles1, Bruna Velasques, Victor Cossich

  • 1National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Journal of Athletic Training
|January 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Strength training improves shoulder proprioception. Performing exercises at the same intensity enhanced joint position sense (JPS) more than varied intensities, indicating better neuromuscular control.

Keywords:
joint position sensemuscle spindlesneuromuscular control

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Neuromuscular Physiology
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Proprioception is crucial for motor control and joint stability in athletes.
  • Athletes often exhibit superior joint position sense (JPS) compared to non-athletes.
  • Physical training may enhance proprioceptive capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of an 8-week strength-training program on shoulder JPS.
  • To compare the effects of uniform versus varied training intensities on shoulder dynamic-stabilizer muscles on JPS.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized controlled trial involving 90 healthy, right-handed men.
  • Participants engaged in an 8-week strength-training program (3 sessions/week) using 4 compound exercises.
  • Shoulder JPS acuity was quantified using the absolute error measurement.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in JPS were observed between groups at the pre-training baseline.
  • A significant difference in JPS was detected among the groups post-training.
  • Strength training with consistent exercise intensity led to greater JPS improvements compared to varied intensities.

Conclusions:

  • Strength training, particularly with uniform intensity exercises, significantly enhances shoulder JPS.
  • This improvement suggests increased muscle spindle sensitivity and superior neuromuscular control.
  • Consistent intensity training may be a more effective strategy for improving shoulder proprioception in athletes.