Adult flatfoot

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Podiatry
• Biomechanics

Background:

• Adult flatfoot is characterized by medial arch flattening and impaired gait.
• It involves lesions at talonavicular, tibiotarsal, and midfoot joints, affecting the subtalar joint.
• Posterior tibialis tendon and spring ligament degeneration are common findings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To define adult flatfoot and outline its diagnostic and management strategies.
• To emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment.
• To detail various surgical and medical interventions for different types of flatfoot deformities.

Main Methods:

• Clinical examination to assess deformity, reducibility, and muscle/tendon deficits.
• Weight-bearing radiographic examination (3 incidences) to identify the primary level of deformity.
• MRI or ultrasound for tendon and ligamentous lesions; CT for fixed deformities and 3D reconstruction for surgical planning.

Main Results:

• Diagnosis and management of adult flatfoot are frequently delayed.
• Delayed treatment leads to ankle complications.
• Various surgical options exist for both supple and fixed deformities, often involving osteotomies and fusions.

Conclusions:

• Adult flatfoot requires prompt diagnosis and management to prevent secondary ankle issues.
• Treatment strategies vary based on deformity type, ranging from conservative measures to complex surgical reconstructions.
• The management of adult flatfoot, particularly its impact on the ankle, remains complex and requires further codification.