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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

11.2K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
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Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Blinding01:11

Blinding

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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

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Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
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Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

13.9K
Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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Nursing Ethical Principles II01:27

Nursing Ethical Principles II

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Ethical principles are essential in guiding nurses to fulfill their responsibilities, focusing on the quality of nursing care and decision-making. These principles, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity, shape the ethical framework within healthcare settings.
Consider the following scenario, which illustrates how these principles are applied in the care of Mr. John, a fifty-year-old teacher diagnosed with metastatic liver cancer.
Initially, Mr. John's...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
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A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

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Improving transparency of clinical trials.

Rafael Dal-Ré1

  • 1Clinical Research, BUC (Biosciences UAM+CSIC) Program, International Campus of Excellence, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
|January 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Selective publication can alter clinical trial results. Prospective trial registration is crucial for accurate reporting and should be promoted by all stakeholders.

Keywords:
ClinicalTrials.goveditorsmisconductoutcome-reporting biaspublicationtrial registration

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical trial methodology
  • Scientific publishing ethics

Background:

  • Selective publication, where results are chosen for reporting based on their statistical significance or direction of findings, poses a significant challenge in clinical research.
  • This practice can lead to a biased understanding of a treatment's true efficacy and safety profile.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of selective publication on the interpretation of clinical trial outcomes.
  • To advocate for prospective trial registration as a key strategy to mitigate selective reporting.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recent data on clinical trial reporting practices.
  • Review of the implications of selective publication on research integrity.

Main Results:

  • Evidence indicates that subtle selective publication can significantly affect critical aspects of trial reporting.
  • In some instances, this selective reporting has led to altered interpretations of study results.

Conclusions:

  • Prospective registration of clinical trials is essential to deter selective reporting.
  • Collaboration among government authorities, journal editors, and other stakeholders is necessary to promote prospective registration.