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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Papillary Dermis01:11

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes
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Vitiligo.

Khaled Ezzedine1, Viktoria Eleftheriadou2, Maxine Whitton2

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Paediatric Dermatology, National Centre for Rare Skin disorders, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale. U1035, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.

Lancet (London, England)
|January 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitiligo is a common skin depigmentation disorder affecting 1% of the population worldwide. Early diagnosis and understanding its psychological impact are crucial for effective management and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder causing depigmentation worldwide.
  • It affects an estimated 1% of the global population.
  • Vitiligo can cause significant psychological distress and social stigma, particularly in individuals with darker skin tones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the clinical characteristics of vitiligo, including the loss of melanocytes.
  • To differentiate between the two main forms: segmental and non-segmental vitiligo.
  • To emphasize the importance of early treatment and understanding the psychosocial effects of vitiligo.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical observation and classification of vitiligo.
  • Review of existing literature on vitiligo.
  • Discussion of therapeutic options and prognosis based on disease type.

Main Results:

  • Vitiligo presents as white macules due to melanocyte loss.
  • Two primary forms, segmental and non-segmental vitiligo, have distinct characteristics.
  • Distinguishing between these forms is critical for determining appropriate treatment and predicting outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Early intervention in vitiligo management is essential.
  • Understanding the profound psychosocial impact of vitiligo is vital for patient care.
  • Therapeutic strategies and prognosis differ significantly between segmental and non-segmental vitiligo.