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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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A compensatory role for declarative memory in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Michael T Ullman1, Mariel Y Pullman1

  • 1Brain and Language Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Box 571464, Washington, DC 20057-1464, United States.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|January 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Declarative memory remains functional in neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting it can compensate for impairments. This research explores its compensatory roles in specific language impairment, dyslexia, autism, Tourette syndrome, and OCD.

Keywords:
AphasiaAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)AutismAutism spectrum disorder (ASD)Basal gangliaCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)CompensationDeclarative memoryDevelopmental coordination disorder (DCD)Developmental disordersDyslexiaElectrophysiologyEvent-related potentials (ERPs)ExplicitExplicit memoryFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)Habit reversal trainingHippocampusLanguage disorderMedial temporal lobe (MTL)Neurodevelopmental disordersNeuroimagingObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD)Parkinson's disease (PD)Positron emission tomography (PET)Procedural memorySex differencesSpecific language impairment (SLI)Specific learning disorderStriatumTourette syndromeUnderdiagnosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders research often focuses on deficits.
  • Intact cognitive functions, like declarative memory, may offer compensatory mechanisms.
  • Declarative memory is crucial for learning and retaining information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that declarative memory compensates for impairments in neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • To examine this hypothesis in specific language impairment, dyslexia, autism spectrum disorder, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  • To review evidence supporting declarative memory's compensatory roles.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing behavioral, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging studies.
  • Formulation of specific predictions based on the declarative memory compensation hypothesis.
  • Analysis of evidence across five distinct neurodevelopmental disorders.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports the hypothesis that declarative memory plays compensatory roles.
  • Declarative memory's functionality is observed across specific language impairment, dyslexia, autism spectrum disorder, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  • The system demonstrates capacity to compensate for various impairments.

Conclusions:

  • Declarative memory functions as a compensatory mechanism in several neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Findings have implications for diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
  • Further research can explore optimizing declarative memory's use in treatment.