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Methamphetamines and pregnancy outcomes.

Tricia E Wright1, Renee Schuetter, Jacqueline Tellei

  • 1From the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health (TEW, LS), University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii; and Path Clinic, Waikiki Health (RS, JT), Honolulu, Hawaii.

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Methamphetamine (MA) use during pregnancy is linked to shorter gestation and lower birth weight, particularly with continuous use. Stopping MA use improves birth outcomes, highlighting the need for treatment and prenatal care resources.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatal Health
  • Substance Use Disorders

Background:

  • Methamphetamine (MA) is a prevalent illicit drug used during pregnancy.
  • Previous studies on MA-exposed pregnancy outcomes were limited by retrospective data and confounding factors.
  • This study utilized prospectively collected data to investigate MA use and birth outcomes, controlling for confounders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively examine the association between methamphetamine use during pregnancy and various birth outcomes.
  • To compare outcomes of MA-exposed pregnancies with non-MA-exposed and non-drug-exposed pregnancies.
  • To identify the impact of continuous versus intermittent MA use on infant birth weight and gestational age.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study design.
  • Inclusion of women receiving prenatal care at a substance use disorder clinic.
  • Prospective data collection on MA, tobacco, and other drug use.
  • Univariate and multivariate analyses to control for confounding variables.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in mean birth weight between MA-exposed and non-exposed infants (3159g vs 3168g).
  • MA-exposed infants had significantly shorter gestational ages (38.5 weeks vs 39.1 weeks).
  • Infants with positive toxicology at birth showed lower birth weights and shorter gestations compared to those with first-trimester exposure only.

Conclusions:

  • Methamphetamine use during pregnancy is associated with shorter gestational age and, particularly with continuous use, lower birth weight.
  • Discontinuing MA use during pregnancy leads to improved birth outcomes.
  • Increased resources for treatment and prenatal care are crucial for pregnant women with MA use disorder.