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Updated: Apr 18, 2026
Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty
Published on: January 28, 2020
[Residual cardiovascular risk markers]
Insights
Biomarkers help measure physiological processes. Despite guideline adherence, residual cardiovascular risk persists, particularly in diabetic patients with coronary heart disease, indicating a need for improved management strategies.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Biomarkers
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- The European definition of a biomarker as a measurable factor reflecting physiological or pathological processes is presented.
- Residual cardiovascular (CV) risk remains a significant issue in patients undergoing primary or secondary prevention, even when traditional risk factors like blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol are controlled.
- Atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by non-LDL lipid abnormalities, is a key contributor to this persistent residual CV risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define biomarkers and their role in medicine.
- To explain the calculation and importance of global cardiovascular risk using tools like the SCORE risk chart.
- To analyze trends in residual cardiovascular risk markers within Czech patient samples from the EUROASPIRE studies over 16 years, focusing on the impact of diabetes.
Main Methods:
- Review of the European definition of biomarkers and their applications.
- Explanation of cardiovascular risk assessment and the concept of residual risk.
- Analysis of data from EUROASPIRE I-IV studies in Czech populations, examining changes in BMI, diabetes prevalence, and residual risk markers over 16 years.
Main Results:
- Over 16 years, Czech EUROASPIRE study samples showed a steep increase in BMI and diabetes prevalence.
- Patients with stable coronary heart disease and diabetes exhibited a higher prevalence of residual risk markers, including atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertriglyceridemic waist, compared to non-diabetic patients.
- Despite increased prescription of statins, ACE inhibitors, and antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs, the overall residual cardiovascular risk did not change significantly during the 16-year follow-up period.
Conclusions:
- Biomarkers are crucial for understanding physiological and pathological states.
- Residual cardiovascular risk, driven by factors like atherogenic dyslipidemia and exacerbated by diabetes, remains a challenge in cardiovascular disease prevention.
- Current treatment guidelines and pharmacological interventions have not effectively reduced residual cardiovascular risk over the past 16 years in the studied Czech population, highlighting the need for novel strategies.
Abstract:
The European definition of biomarker is presented; it is a measurable factor, which reflects a physiological or pathological process in human body. There are also mentioned transferred meanings of the term marker used in different fields of medicine. The importance, categorization and calculation of global cardiovascular (CV) risk are explained in patients in primary prevention of CV disease (SCORE risk chart). Residual CV risk persists in patients in primary or secondary prevention of CV diseases treated according to current guidelines, even if their risk factors (blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, glucose level) have achieved the recommended values. This residual risk was done by non-LDL dyslipidemia especially, so called atherogenic dyslipidemia (Residual Risk Reduction Initiative definition). Investigators of preventive EUROASPIRE studies assessed, that 5-year mortality from CV diseases was in a positive association with glucose level, smoking and total cholesterol. In our recent analysis, we have described among the Czech samples of EUROASPIRE studies I-IV, that BMI and prevalence of diabetes increase during the last 16 years very steeply. Patients with stable coronary heart diseases in combination with diabetes have had higher prevalence of residual risk markers (atherogenic dyslipidemia, atherogenic index of plasma described by M. Dobiasova and hypertriglyceridemic waist) than patients without diabetes. Except of prescription of statins, ACE inhibitors, antiaggregative or anticoagulative drugs was increasing, the residual CV risk was not changing during the followed period of 16 years.
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