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Characterising two-pathogen competition in spatially structured environments.

Chiara Poletto1, Sandro Meloni2, Ashleigh Van Metre3

  • 11] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F-75013, Paris, France [2] INSERM, UMR-S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F-75013, Paris, France.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Host mobility and cross-immunity significantly impact pathogen competition dynamics. Mobility can determine pathogen dominance, while cross-immunity influences whether competition occurs at all.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Epidemiology
  • Mathematical Biology

Background:

  • Pathogen co-circulation in host populations creates complex dynamics due to interactions with host immunity, life cycles, and spatial structure.
  • Understanding competition between multiple pathogens is crucial for predicting disease spread and impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of host mobility and cross-immunity in the competition dynamics between two acute infectious diseases.
  • To determine how these factors influence pathogen dominance and co-dominance regimes.

Main Methods:

  • A metapopulation network model was used to simulate host mobility as traveling flows between nodes.
  • A stochastic mechanistic approach simulated the dynamics of two competing pathogens.
  • Analyzed the relationship between epidemiological parameters, mobility, and cross-immunity levels.

Main Results:

  • Host mobility can either be inconsequential or critically influence which pathogen becomes dominant.
  • Pathogen dominance is linked to a trade-off between spreading velocity and diffusion ability in sparse environments.
  • Varying levels of cross-immunity can switch pathogen competition on or off.

Conclusions:

  • Host mobility and cross-immunity are key factors disentangling complex disease competition dynamics.
  • The study provides significant insights into the spatial ecology of infectious diseases and pathogen interactions.