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Quantification of Fungal Colonization, Sporogenesis, and Production of Mycotoxins Using Kernel Bioassays
Published on: April 23, 2012
The relationship between ergosterol and mycotoxin contamination in maize from various countries
Md Zakir Hossain1, Nakao Mari, Tetsuhisa Goto
1Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa-mura, Kamiina-gun, Nagano-ken, 399-4598, Japan.
Fungal biomarker ergosterol (ERG) correlated significantly with zearalenone (ZEA) in maize, but not aflatoxins (AFs). ERG levels below 3 mg/kg generally indicate compliance with EU mycotoxin limits.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Food Safety
- Mycology
Background:
- Maize is susceptible to fungal contamination and mycotoxin production.
- Mycotoxins pose significant risks to human and animal health.
- Understanding fungal biomarkers can aid in mycotoxin risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between ergosterol (ERG) and key mycotoxins (AFs, OTA, ZEA) in maize.
- To assess geographical variations in ERG and mycotoxin contamination.
- To evaluate ERG as a potential indicator for EU mycotoxin regulatory compliance.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of ergosterol (ERG) and mycotoxins (AFs, OTA, ZEA) in maize samples from four geographic regions.
- Quantification using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV and fluorescence detection.
- Statistical analysis to determine correlations and geographical differences.
Main Results:
- No correlation between ERG and aflatoxins (AFs) in 139 samples.
- Significant correlation (r² = 0.82) observed between ERG and zearalenone (ZEA).
- Higher ERG and mycotoxin contamination frequencies in North American and Asian maize compared to European samples.
- European samples showed no aflatoxin contamination.
Conclusions:
- Ergosterol shows potential as a biomarker for zearalenone contamination in maize.
- Geographical location significantly influences ERG and mycotoxin contamination levels.
- Maize samples with ERG levels below 3 mg/kg are likely to comply with EU maximum limits for AFs, OTA, and ZEA.
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