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RF rectifiers for EM power harvesting in a Deep Brain Stimulating device.

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This study optimized radio frequency rectifier circuits for wireless energy harvesting in passive deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices. The 2-stage charge pump rectifier achieved the best performance, enabling efficient power for head-mountable DBS systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Energy Harvesting

Background:

  • Passive deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices require a power source for operation.
  • Wireless energy harvesting offers a potential solution for powering head-mountable DBS systems.
  • Optimizing radio frequency (RF) rectifier circuits is crucial for efficient energy harvesting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, simulate, fabricate, and evaluate different RF rectifier circuits for wireless energy harvesting in passive DBS devices.
  • To achieve a compact size, high conversion efficiency, and high output voltage for the rectifier.
  • To identify the optimal rectifier architecture for integration into a head-mountable DBS system.

Main Methods:

  • Four rectifier architectures (Delon doubler, Greinacher tripler, Delon quadrupler, 2-stage charge pump) were designed and simulated at 915 MHz using Agilent Genesys.
  • Rectifiers were fabricated using FR-4 substrate and surface mount devices (SMD).
  • Performance was evaluated using a 915 MHz RF energy source, measuring conversion efficiency and output voltage across varying input power levels and load resistances.

Main Results:

  • Maximum measured conversion efficiencies at -5 dBm input power and 5-15 kΩ load resistance were 78% (Delon doubler), 75% (Greinacher tripler), 73% (Delon quadrupler), and 76% (2-stage charge pump).
  • Conversion efficiency decreased significantly with increasing input power.
  • The Delon doubler showed the highest efficiency at -5 and 5 dBm, while the Delon quadrupler had the lowest.
  • The 2-stage charge pump rectifier demonstrated superior performance considering both efficiency and DC output voltage.

Conclusions:

  • The optimized 2-stage charge pumped rectifier is the most suitable for wireless energy harvesting in passive DBS devices.
  • This rectifier, when combined with an antenna, can effectively harvest energy for head-mountable DBS applications.
  • Further optimization of rectifier circuits can enhance the efficiency and practicality of wireless power for implantable devices.