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Measuring Phosphorus Release in Laboratory Microcosms for Water Quality Assessment
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A cost-effective management practice to decrease phosphorus loss from dairy farms.

R W McDowell, G P Cosgrove, T Orchiston

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Strategic planting of ryegrass near streams and clover elsewhere on dairy farms reduced phosphorus loss to water. This approach also showed potential for improved farm profitability compared to traditional mixed pastures.

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    Area of Science:

    • Agricultural Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Water Quality Management

    Background:

    • Phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural land is a significant contributor to surface water quality degradation.
    • Dairy farm management practices, particularly pasture composition, influence nutrient runoff.
    • Optimizing pasture management is crucial for mitigating environmental impacts and enhancing farm economics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the impact of strategic grass-clover monoculture implementation on phosphorus loss in a grazed dairy farm.
    • To compare the P loss and potential profitability of a split-management system (ryegrass near streams, clover elsewhere) versus a mixed pasture.
    • To test the hypothesis that this strategic approach reduces P runoff and improves economic returns.

    Main Methods:

    • A paired-catchment study was conducted on a dairy farm over a defined period.
    • The treatment catchment was divided: ryegrass (low P requirement) near streams, white clover (high P requirement) elsewhere.
    • Fertilizer application rates for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were varied between monocultures and the control catchment.

    Main Results:

    • Filterable reactive P and total P concentrations in the treatment catchment decreased by 44% and 26%, respectively, after implementing monocultures.
    • The shift to monocultures resulted in better-quality forage, indicating potential for improved farm profitability.
    • A minor increase (2%) in modeled nitrogen loss was observed in the treatment catchment.

    Conclusions:

    • Strategic use of grass-clover monocultures in dairy farm catchments can effectively decrease phosphorus loss to surface waters.
    • This management approach holds potential for enhancing farm profitability compared to conventional mixed pastures.
    • While effective for P reduction, potential trade-offs like slight increases in N loss require careful consideration.