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Related Concept Videos

Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
949
The Thoracic Cage: Ribs01:20

The Thoracic Cage: Ribs

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Ribs are curved, flattened bones forming the thoracic cavity wall with the thoracic muscles. There are 12 pairs of thoracic ribs. The posterior ends of all the ribs articulate with the T1–T12 thoracic vertebrae. In contrast,the anterior ends of most ribs attach to the sternum via their costal cartilages.
Parts of a Typical Rib
A typical rib has a head, neck, and body. The posterior end of the rib is called the head, followed by a narrow neck. The head articulates primarily with the costal...
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The Thoracic Cage: Sternum01:17

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The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid...
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Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

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Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
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Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling
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Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

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Using "Rebar" to Stabilize Rigid Chest Wall Reconstruction.

Lary A Robinson1, Deanna M Grubbs1

  • 1Department of Thoracic Oncology (Surgery), Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States.

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon
|January 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a cost-effective chest wall reconstruction technique using Steinmann pins as "rebar" to reinforce Marlex-mesh-methylmethacrylate prostheses. This modification enhances stability and reduces complications for large defects, offering excellent short- and long-term results.

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Area of Science:

  • Thoracic surgery
  • Biomaterials engineering
  • Surgical reconstruction

Background:

  • Chest wall resection necessitates rigid prosthesis reconstruction to protect thoracic organs and prevent flail chest.
  • The Marlex-mesh-methylmethacrylate sandwich (MMS) is a common technique for chest wall reconstruction.
  • Large defects, especially sternal defects, pose challenges due to potential prosthesis instability.

Observation:

  • A novel technique incorporates Steinmann steel pins as internal "rebar" into the MMS prosthesis.
  • Titanium mesh can be added for enhanced strength in very large defects, particularly over the heart and great vessels.
  • This modification aims to prevent initial residual motion and late prosthetic complications.

Findings:

  • The modified MMS prosthesis with Steinmann pins provides immediate stabilization for large chest wall defects.
  • Excellent short- and long-term results were observed with this inexpensive modification.
  • The technique significantly reduces costs compared to titanium systems and avoids associated complications like fractures and loosening.

Implications:

  • This modified MMS technique offers a more robust, stable, and cost-effective solution for chest wall reconstruction.
  • It presents a viable alternative to expensive titanium systems, mitigating risks of late prosthetic failure.
  • The approach enhances patient safety and surgical outcomes in complex thoracic reconstructions.