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The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

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Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading
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The use of alum to decrease phosphorus losses in runoff from grassland soils.

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    Applying aluminum sulfate (alum) to grazed grasslands significantly reduced phosphorus (P) loss in runoff. This method offers a potential strategy for improving water quality by mitigating P pollution from dairy farms.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Agronomy
    • Soil Science

    Background:

    • Phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural land degrades surface water quality.
    • Aluminum sulfate (alum) application to manure and slurry reduces P loss, but its direct effect on grazed grasslands is less understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the efficacy of directly applying aluminum sulfate (alum) to grazed grasslands to reduce phosphorus (P) loss in runoff.
    • To determine the impact of alum application rate and soil properties on P mitigation.

    Main Methods:

    • Rainfall simulations were used to assess the immediate impact of alum on P concentrations in runoff.
    • A 14-month field trial evaluated the long-term effects of varying alum application rates (0, 25, 50 kg Al/ha) on P loss from grazed plots.
    • Runoff samples were analyzed for filterable reactive P (FRP) and total P (TP).

    Main Results:

    • Alum application decreased mean FRP concentrations by 25–70% and total P (TP) by 20–40% in rainfall simulations.
    • Field trials showed a 47–52% reduction in FRP and a 25–34% reduction in TP concentrations in runoff from alum-treated plots.
    • Predicted FRP losses were significantly lower from alum-treated grasslands for 70–96 days post-application.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct application of alum to grazed grasslands effectively reduces P loss in runoff.
    • Cost-effectiveness is currently medium to low compared to other P mitigation strategies but may improve if applied to critical source areas.
    • Further research is needed to determine optimal application rates and the necessity of repeat applications.