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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
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[Interaction between microRNAs and OCT4].

Chen Chen1, Fanrong Meng1, Haisu Wan1

  • 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenviroment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, 
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.

Zhongguo Fei AI Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer
|January 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) is crucial for embryonic stem cell pluripotency but is overexpressed in many cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate OCT4 and other stemness factors, influencing cancer cell behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) is a POU-homeodomain transcription factor essential for maintaining pluripotency and self-renewal in embryonic stem (ES) cells.
  • OCT4 overexpression is implicated in various human cancers, including lung, breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by targeting specific mRNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the regulatory role of miRNAs on stemness factors, specifically OCT4, in cancer cells.
  • To understand how miRNA-mediated regulation of OCT4 impacts cancer cell characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on OCT4 function, cancer overexpression, and miRNA-mediated regulation.
  • Analysis of miRNA seed sequence binding to complementary mRNA sequences of target genes.
  • Examination of miRNA-induced mRNA destabilization and/or protein synthesis inhibition.

Main Results:

  • Several miRNAs have been identified that regulate key stemness factors, including OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, and KLF4.
  • These miRNAs modulate the expression of stemness factors in cancer cells.
  • Regulation of stemness factors by miRNAs influences critical cancer cell processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, drug resistance, and immune evasion.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs play a significant role in controlling the expression of OCT4 and other stemness factors in cancer.
  • The modulation of these stemness factors by miRNAs impacts multiple hallmarks of cancer.
  • Targeting miRNA-mediated regulation of OCT4 presents a potential therapeutic strategy in oncology.