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The technique of sacral nerve modulation.

J Martellucci1

  • 1General, Emergency and Mini-invasive Surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy.

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Summary

This review summarizes sacroneuromodulation (SNM) implantation techniques and programming. Further clarification is needed to optimize SNM procedure outcomes.

Keywords:
Sacral neuromodulationperipheral nerve evaluationsacral nerve stimulationsurgical techniquetined-lead electrodeverify system

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Neurology
  • Surgical Techniques

Background:

  • Sacroneuromodulation (SNM) is a treatment for lower urinary tract dysfunction.
  • Standardization of SNM implantation techniques and programming is crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on SNM electrode implantation techniques.
  • To summarize recommendations for SNM programming parameters and algorithms.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of English-language articles from 1985-2013.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on peripheral nerve evaluation, temporary stimulation, generator placement, and programming.

Main Results:

  • 41 studies were included in the final analysis.
  • The majority of included studies (37) were case series; only three were randomized clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • While SNM implantation techniques appear standardized, specific procedural steps require further definition.
  • Optimizing SNM outcomes necessitates clarification of best practices in implantation and programming.