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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Accumulation and Analysis of Cuprous Ions in a Copper Sulfate Plating Solution
Published on: March 20, 2019
Easy access to the copper(III) anion [Cu(CF3 )4 ](-)
Andrew M Romine1, Noel Nebra, Andrey I Konovalov
1Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain).
Abstract:
CuCl or pre-generated CuCF3 reacts with CF3 SiMe3 /KF in DMF in air to give [Cu(CF3 )4 ](-) quantitatively. [PPN](+) , [Me4 N](+) , [Bu4 N](+) , [PhCH2 NEt3 ](+) , and [Ph4 P](+) salts of [Cu(CF3 )4 ](-) were prepared and isolated spectroscopically and analytically pure in 82-99% yield. X-ray structures of the [PPN](+) , [Me4 N](+) , [Bu4 N](+) , and [Ph4 P](+) salts were determined. A new synthetic strategy with [Cu(CF3 )4 ](-) was demonstrated, involving the removal of one CF3 (-) from the Cu atom in the presence of an incoming ligand. A novel Cu(III) complex [(bpy)Cu(CF3 )3 ] was thus prepared and fully characterized, including by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The bpy complex is highly fluxional in solution, the barrier to degenerate isomerization being only 2.3 kcal mol(-1) . An NPA study reveals a huge difference in the charge on the Cu atom in [Cu(CR3 )4 ](-) for R=F (+0.19) and R=H (+0.46), suggesting a higher electron density on Cu in the fluorinated complex.
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