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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
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Patellofemoral instability: classification and imaging.

Massimo Berruto1, Paolo Ferrua1, Giulia Carimati2

  • 1Section of Knee Surgery, G. Pini Hospital, Milan, Italy.

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|January 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate diagnosis of patellofemoral disorders requires a clear classification system. The Lyonnaise classification identifies key instability factors, with imaging crucial for assessment.

Keywords:
TT-TGclassificationimagingpatellar instabilitypatellofemoral

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Patellofemoral disorders necessitate a structured diagnostic approach.
  • Current classification systems aim for unequivocal language and validated frameworks.
  • The Lyonnaise school's classification is considered comprehensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a diagnostic framework for patellofemoral disorders.
  • To detail the Lyonnaise classification system and its components.
  • To review the role of imaging in assessing patellofemoral instability factors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Lyonnaise classification system for patellofemoral disorders.
  • Identified key instability factors: trochlear dysplasia, patellar height, and TT-TG distance.
  • Reviewed traditional radiology, CT, and MRI in patellofemoral assessment.

Main Results:

  • The Lyonnaise classification categorizes disorders into objective instability, potential instability, and painful patella syndrome.
  • Principal instability factors include trochlear dysplasia, abnormal patellar height, and pathological TT-TG distance.
  • MRI shows growing potential for patellofemoral joint assessment, though further validation is needed.

Conclusions:

  • A validated classification system is essential for diagnosing patellofemoral disorders.
  • The Lyonnaise classification provides a robust framework for understanding instability.
  • While MRI is promising, traditional methods and CT remain important; further MRI validation is required for routine preoperative planning.