Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...

Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Surveillance of surgical site infections in orthopedic prosthetic surgery: a tool for identifying risk factors and improving clinical practice.

Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene·2024

Same author

Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction and Nonanatomic Stabilization Techniques in Skeletally Immature Patients.

Joints·2021

Same author

Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Predictive Factors Associated with the Outcomes of Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Joints·2019

Same author

Italian consensus statement (2020) on return to play after lower limb muscle injury in football (soccer).

BMJ open sport & exercise medicine·2019

Same author

Protocol and descriptive epidemiology of the SIGASCOT Italian multicentric registry of revision ACL reconstruction: a 1-year pilot study.

Acta orthopaedica Belgica·2019

Same author

Evaluation of Blood Loss and Implant Alignment after Total Knee Arthroplasty with Inertial Based Extramedullary Femoral Cutting Guide.

Joints·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

A Non-Invasive Method for Generating the Cyclic Loading-Induced Intra-Articular Cartilage Lesion Model of the Rat Knee

A Non-Invasive Method for Generating the Cyclic Loading-Induced Intra-Articular Cartilage Lesion Model of the Rat Knee

Published on: July 5, 2021

Patellofemoral malalignment and chondral damage: current concepts.

Claudio Mazzola¹, Davide Mantovani¹

¹Joint Surgery Section, EO Galliera, Genova, Italy.

|January 22, 2015

Summary

This study reviews common patellofemoral disorders, including excessive lateral patellar compression syndrome and osteoarthritis, to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment. It aims to clarify the diagnostic and therapeutic pathways for these knee conditions.

Keywords:

cartilage chondral lesions patellofemoral treatments

More Related Videos

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

Published on: April 14, 2026

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis

Published on: September 2, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

A Non-Invasive Method for Generating the Cyclic Loading-Induced Intra-Articular Cartilage Lesion Model of the Rat Knee

A Non-Invasive Method for Generating the Cyclic Loading-Induced Intra-Articular Cartilage Lesion Model of the Rat Knee

Published on: July 5, 2021

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

Published on: April 14, 2026

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis

Published on: September 2, 2025

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Sports Medicine
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Patellofemoral disorders are common knee conditions affecting athletes and the general population.
Existing classification systems like Insall's and Merchant's aid in categorizing these disorders.
Accurate diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing patellofemoral pain and dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze frequent patellofemoral pathologies based on a comprehensive literature review.
To determine the optimal clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic course for these conditions.
To provide a detailed didactic scope on common patellofemoral disorders.

Main Methods:

In-depth literature review of patellofemoral disorders.
Analysis of common pathologies including excessive lateral patellar compression syndrome, patellar dislocations/subluxations, patellar chondromalacia, and patellofemoral osteoarthritis.
Synthesis of information to define clinical-diagnostic-therapeutic pathways.

Main Results:

Identification of key patellofemoral pathologies requiring detailed examination.
Establishment of criteria for the clinical-diagnostic-therapeutic management of these conditions.
Consolidation of current knowledge for educational purposes.

Conclusions:

A structured approach to classifying and managing patellofemoral disorders is essential.
Understanding specific pathologies like chondromalacia and osteoarthritis guides effective treatment.
This review provides a framework for clinicians managing patellofemoral pain and dysfunction.