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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

3.8K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
3.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
07:33

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Published on: May 5, 2023

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Soft tissue balancing in total knee arthroplasty.

Maria Chiara Meloni1, Russalka W Hoedemaeker1, Bruno Violante2

  • 1Ospedale Israelitico, Rome, Italy.

Joints
|January 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Achieving successful total knee arthroplasty relies on precise soft tissue balancing. Proper balancing ensures joint alignment and implant longevity, preventing early failures and revision surgeries.

Keywords:
balanceligamenttotal knee arthroplastyvalgusvarus

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) success depends on multiple factors, including joint alignment, range of motion, patellar tracking, and ligament stability.
  • Correct soft tissue balance is crucial for maintaining joint alignment during flexion and extension, directly impacting implant durability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the critical role of soft tissue balancing in total knee arthroplasty.
  • To highlight that inadequate soft tissue balancing is a leading cause of early TKA failure and revision surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Soft tissue releases are performed iteratively to correct imbalances.
  • The goal is to achieve symmetrical and balanced flexion and extension gaps.

Main Results:

  • A perfectly balanced knee is characterized by rectangular flexion and extension gaps.
  • All measurements within these gaps must be equal for optimal balance.

Conclusions:

  • Proper soft tissue balancing is the most significant factor for TKA implant durability.
  • Achieving a perfectly balanced state, with equal and rectangular flexion/extension gaps, is essential for successful TKA outcomes.