Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview01:21

Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview

5.7K
An electrochemical gradient is a fundamental concept in biology and chemistry. It regulates the movement of ions across cell membranes. This movement is influenced by two factors:
The electrical gradient: The electrical gradient across cell membranes refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell.  This difference drives the movement of ions towards or away from the cells. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to...
5.7K
What is an Electrochemical Gradient?01:26

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?

133.8K
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an...
133.8K
The Resting Membrane Potential01:21

The Resting Membrane Potential

154.2K
Overview
154.2K
Resting Membrane Potential01:24

Resting Membrane Potential

26.4K
The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
The Inside of a Neuron is More Negative
The membrane potential of a cell can be measured by inserting a microelectrode into a cell and comparing the charge to a reference electrode in the extracellular fluid. The...
26.4K
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

93.1K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
93.1K
Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

1.3K
The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Modification of the 4Fe-4S Cluster Charge Transport Pathway Alters RNA Synthesis by Yeast DNA Primase.

Biochemistry·2022
Same author

The [4Fe4S] Cluster of Yeast DNA Polymerase ε Is Redox Active and Can Undergo DNA-Mediated Signaling.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2021
Same author

DNA Electrochemistry: Charge-Transport Pathways through DNA Films on Gold.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2021
Same author

Rhodium Complexes Targeting DNA Mismatches as a Basis for New Therapeutics in Cancers Deficient in Mismatch Repair.

Biochemistry·2021
Same author

Extracellular DNA Promotes Efficient Extracellular Electron Transfer by Pyocyanin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms.

Cell·2020
Same author

In vivo anticancer activity of a rhodium metalloinsertor in the HCT116 xenograft tumor model.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
11:51

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters

Published on: February 3, 2018

7.6K

DNA charge transport within the cell.

Michael A Grodick1, Natalie B Muren, Jacqueline K Barton

  • 1Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States.

Biochemistry
|January 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA charge transport (CT) enables long-range redox reactions and signaling. This mechanism is crucial for DNA repair enzymes with 4Fe-4S clusters to detect DNA damage and coordinate cellular responses.

More Related Videos

Measuring Axonal Cargo Transport in Mouse Primary Cortical Cultured Neurons
04:39

Measuring Axonal Cargo Transport in Mouse Primary Cortical Cultured Neurons

Published on: February 24, 2023

633
Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment
08:23

Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment

Published on: May 18, 2021

4.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
11:51

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters

Published on: February 3, 2018

7.6K
Measuring Axonal Cargo Transport in Mouse Primary Cortical Cultured Neurons
04:39

Measuring Axonal Cargo Transport in Mouse Primary Cortical Cultured Neurons

Published on: February 24, 2023

633
Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment
08:23

Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment

Published on: May 18, 2021

4.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • DNA charge transport (CT) possesses unique characteristics relevant to biological processes.
  • Redox-active proteins can interact with DNA for long-range redox reactions via DNA CT.
  • DNA CT is sensitive to DNA integrity, detecting mismatches and lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the biological roles of DNA charge transport (CT).
  • To investigate how DNA CT facilitates redox reactions involving proteins.
  • To examine DNA CT's role in DNA repair enzyme function and signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DNA charge transport and redox-active proteins.
  • Analysis of studies on DNA repair enzymes containing 4Fe-4S clusters.
  • Consideration of in vitro and in vivo experimental data (e.g., Escherichia coli genetics).

Main Results:

  • DNA CT facilitates long-range oxidative damage and redox reactions with proteins.
  • Transcription factors and DNA repair enzymes utilize DNA CT for redox sensing and DNA integrity monitoring.
  • DNA repair enzymes with 4Fe-4S clusters are redox-active and communicate via DNA CT.

Conclusions:

  • DNA-mediated CT acts as a cooperative signaling mechanism for DNA repair proteins to locate DNA damage.
  • This signaling can coordinate DNA processing across the genome.
  • DNA CT is a fundamental mechanism in cellular responses to DNA damage and integrity maintenance.