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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Physics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Multi-core fibers (MCFs) offer large-mode area (LMA) designs for specialty fiber applications.
    • MCFs support a few transverse modes, termed supermodes (SMs), with unique tailoring flexibility through core geometry.
    • Previous MCF laser research was limited to single SM operation, restricting their potential.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and demonstrate multi-SM amplification and lasing schemes in MCFs.
    • To expand the operational capabilities of MCF gain media beyond single SM operation.
    • To explore the potential of simultaneous lasing on multiple supermodes.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed and assembled amplifier and laser systems utilizing a 7 coupled-cores Yb-doped MCF.
    • Employed correlation filter technique mode analysis to decompose individual SMs.
    • Recorded modal amplification factors (γi) for each supermode.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully demonstrated amplifier and laser systems with a 7-core MCF.
    • Individual SMs were decomposed and their amplification characteristics analyzed.
    • A monolithic MCF laser was achieved, operating simultaneously on the two SMs with the highest optical gain.

    Conclusions:

    • Multi-SM operation significantly expands the potential of MCF lasers.
    • Simultaneous lasing on multiple high-gain SMs is feasible in MCFs.
    • This work paves the way for novel MCF laser applications leveraging multi-supermode dynamics.