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High efficiency germanium-assisted grating coupler.

Shuyu Yang, Yi Zhang, Tom Baehr-Jones

    Optics Express
    |January 22, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a new vertical coupler for silicon photonics using germanium-on-silicon gratings. This device achieves 76% coupling efficiency at 1.55 µm, enabling efficient light transfer in optical circuits.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science
    • Semiconductor Devices

    Background:

    • Efficient light coupling between optical fibers and submicron silicon waveguides is crucial for integrated photonic circuits.
    • Existing coupling methods often face challenges with alignment, efficiency, and bandwidth.
    • The integration of germanium-on-silicon (Ge-on-Si) offers a pathway for multifunctional photonic devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and simulate a novel fiber-to-waveguide vertical coupler.
    • To utilize germanium-on-silicon gratings for enhanced coupling performance.
    • To achieve high coupling efficiency and broad optical bandwidth for silicon photonic applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of a vertical coupler structure incorporating germanium-on-silicon gratings.
    • Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations to analyze optical performance.
    • Epitaxial growth of germanium on silicon in a single process step.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a simulated coupling efficiency of 76% at a wavelength of 1.55 µm.
    • Demonstrated an optical 1dB bandwidth of 40 nm.
    • The germanium-on-silicon grating structure facilitates efficient vertical coupling.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed germanium-on-silicon grating vertical coupler offers a promising solution for efficient fiber-to-waveguide coupling in silicon photonics.
    • The integrated germanium layer enables potential for on-chip photodetectors, enhancing device functionality.
    • This approach contributes to the advancement of high-performance integrated optical systems.