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Low-crosstalk Si arrayed waveguide grating with parabolic tapers.

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    Ultra-short parabolic tapers significantly reduce crosstalk in silicon arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs). This innovation enables high-performance AWGs with lower loss and simpler fabrication processes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Integrated Optics
    • Waveguide Technology

    Background:

    • Arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) are key components in optical communication systems.
    • Minimizing channel crosstalk is crucial for AWG performance.
    • Tapers are used to connect different waveguide regions, impacting mode conversion and crosstalk.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and compare the effectiveness of different taper designs (parabolic, linear, exponential) in silicon AWGs.
    • To demonstrate a low-crosstalk silicon AWG utilizing optimized parabolic tapers.
    • To achieve high-performance AWG fabrication with a simplified process.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation of parabolic, linear, and exponential tapers.
    • Fabrication of a 400-GHz 8x8 cyclic silicon AWG.
    • Characterization of on-chip loss and channel crosstalk.

    Main Results:

    • Parabolic tapers demonstrated a crosstalk improvement of up to 7.1 dB compared to linear and exponential tapers.
    • The fabricated 8x8 cyclic AWG exhibited 2.4 dB on-chip loss and -17.6 to -25.1 dB crosstalk.
    • Performance comparable to AWGs using complex bi-level tapers.

    Conclusions:

    • Ultra-short parabolic tapers are highly effective in reducing crosstalk in silicon AWGs.
    • The proposed method allows for high-performance AWG fabrication using a simple one-step etching process.
    • This approach offers a viable alternative to complex fabrication methods for advanced AWGs.