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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

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White, brown, and beige; type 2 immunity gets hot.

Maeran Uhm1, Alan R Saltiel1

  • 1Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Immunity
|January 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Resident innate lymphoid cells in subcutaneous fat generate and activate beige adipocytes. This process is crucial for producing thermogenesis, a key function of beige fat.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolism
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The biological mechanisms driving beige fat formation (biogenesis) remain largely unclear.
  • Beige adipocytes are a type of fat cell that can generate heat (thermogenesis).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the cellular origins and activation pathways involved in beige fat biogenesis.
  • To identify the specific immune cells responsible for initiating beige adipocyte development.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the cellular composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue.
  • Utilized lineage tracing and cell depletion studies in mouse models.
  • Analyzed gene expression and cellular signaling pathways in adipocytes and immune cells.

Main Results:

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  • Resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) within subcutaneous fat were identified as key players.
  • These ILCs were shown to actively generate and subsequently activate beige adipocytes.
  • The activation of beige adipocytes by ILCs leads to thermogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Innate lymphoid cells are essential regulators of beige fat biogenesis and function.
  • This finding provides a novel link between the immune system and metabolic regulation through thermogenesis.