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The polio endgame.

Philip Minor1

  • 1a National Institute for Biological Standards and Control ; South Mimms , Hertfordshire , UK.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|January 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Poliomyelitis, or polio, was a major public health concern. Global efforts have nearly eradicated this paralyzing disease, but safe discontinuation of vaccination programs is the next challenge.

Keywords:
AFP, acute flaccid paralysisIPV, inactivated polio vaccineOPV, oral polio vaccineVAPP, vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitiscVDPVs, circulating vaccine derived polioviruseseradicationinfectious diseasepoliopoliomyelitistOPV, trivalent oral vaccinevaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Paralytic poliomyelitis emerged as a significant public health issue in the early 20th century.
  • Widespread vaccination campaigns led to its near elimination in developed nations by the 1970s.
  • The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) has made substantial progress, reducing endemic polio to a few remaining countries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history and pathogenesis of poliomyelitis.
  • To examine the progress and ongoing challenges in achieving global polio eradication.
  • To consider the future implications for immunization programs post-eradication.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing literature and data.
  • Historical analysis of poliomyelitis epidemiology and control measures.
  • Examination of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative's strategies and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Polio has been eradicated from most parts of the world due to concerted global efforts.
  • Significant acceleration in eradication progress has been observed in recent years.
  • Despite progress, challenges remain, including re-introductions of the virus in some regions.

Conclusions:

  • Global eradication of poliomyelitis is nearing reality.
  • A critical future challenge involves safely modifying or discontinuing vaccination programs to prevent resurgence.
  • Sustaining eradication requires careful planning and continued vigilance.