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    This study introduces an all-optical half-adder and half-subtractor circuit using terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexers (TOADs). This design enables high-speed optical arithmetic operations without input synchronization.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Digital Systems
    • Optical Computing

    Background:

    • Logic gates are foundational to digital systems, enabling logic and arithmetic operations.
    • High-speed communication systems increasingly require all-optical logic and arithmetic capabilities.
    • Existing methods may face limitations in speed and synchronization for optical arithmetic.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel model for all-optical addition and subtraction of two binary digits.
    • To design a half-adder and half-subtractor circuit utilizing terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) switches.
    • To investigate the performance and advantages of the proposed all-optical arithmetic circuit.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a theoretical model for optical arithmetic operations.
    • Design of a half-adder and half-subtractor circuit using four TOAD-based switches.
    • Verification of the circuit design through numerical simulations.

    Main Results:

    • Successful design of an all-optical half-adder and half-subtractor circuit.
    • Demonstration of simultaneous addition and subtraction operations.
    • Elimination of input synchronization requirements for optical arithmetic.
    • Analysis of performance metrics including extinction ratio, contrast ratio, and Q-factor under varying parameters.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed TOAD-based circuit offers a viable approach for high-speed all-optical arithmetic operations.
    • The design enhances computational speed and synthesizes light for desired outputs.
    • Key parameters influencing switching outcomes were explored through simulations, providing insights for optimization.