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Related Concept Videos

Echo01:06

Echo

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The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
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Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
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A Device for Human Ultrasonic Echolocation.

Jascha Sohl-Dickstein1, Santani Teng2, Benjamin M Gaub3

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.

IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
|January 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel device using ultrasonic echolocation and spatial hearing to enhance environmental awareness. The technology allows users, including those who are blind, to interpret surroundings through artificial echolocation cues, demonstrating rapid auditory system adaptation.

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory perception and assistive technology development.
  • Human-computer interaction and sensory substitution.
  • Acoustic signal processing and psychoacoustics.

Background:

  • Navigating the environment is challenging for visually impaired individuals.
  • Existing assistive devices offer limited spatial and object information.
  • The human auditory system possesses a capacity for processing complex spatial cues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a new wearable device combining ultrasonic echolocation and spatial hearing.
  • To evaluate the utility of artificial echolocation cues for environmental perception.
  • To assess the human auditory system's adaptability to novel acoustic information.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a headset with ultrasonic emitters and stereo microphones with artificial pinnae.
  • Time-stretching ultrasonic echoes to audible frequencies for user playback.
  • Localization experiments with naive and experienced sighted volunteers to judge echo-reflective surface locations.

Main Results:

  • Naive subjects could determine laterality and distance from echoes, indicating innate utility.
  • Elevation judgments were challenging for naive subjects but achievable by trained individuals.
  • The study demonstrates the potential for rapid adaptation to artificial echolocation cues.

Conclusions:

  • The device effectively provides rich environmental cues beyond typical auditory perception.
  • The human auditory system can learn to interpret and utilize artificial echolocation for environmental interaction.
  • This technology holds significant potential for aiding visually impaired individuals in daily navigation and interaction.