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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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Overview
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique
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Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique

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[Effector T cells].

J Leipe1, H-D Chang

  • 1Sektion für Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, München, Deutschland, jleipe@med.lmu.de.

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|January 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Effector CD4+ T helper (Th) cells are crucial in rheumatoid inflammation. Recent discoveries of distinct Th cell subsets enhance our understanding of chronic inflammatory and rheumatic diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Rheumatology

Context:

  • Rheumatoid inflammation pathogenesis is complex, with CD4+ T helper (Th) cells central to its development.
  • Emerging research identifies novel Th cell subsets beyond Th1 and Th2, including Th9, Th17, Th22, and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the role of diverse effector T helper cell subsets in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid inflammation.
  • To integrate the understanding of newly identified Th cell populations into the broader context of chronic inflammatory diseases.

Summary:

  • The immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid inflammation involves effector CD4+ T helper (Th) cells.
  • Recent advancements have identified distinct Th cell subsets (Th9, Th17, Th22, Tfh) characterized by specific cytokine and transcription factor profiles.
  • These subsets contribute to the initiation and maintenance of inflammation, offering new avenues for research.

Impact:

  • Advances our comprehension of the intricate mechanisms underlying rheumatic diseases.
  • Provides insights into the pathogenic processes driving chronic inflammation.
  • Highlights the importance of specific T cell populations in disease chronification and potential therapeutic targets.